WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY American Higher Education, 1958 Spring 1958 Washington and Lee University Finals 1958 CALENDAR OF EVENTS May 24-June 4 Final Examinations 10:00 5:00 8:00 10:00 Q+ 30 10:30 11:00 12:45 ro [OO Q:00 g:00 g:00 10:30 11:00 a.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. a.171. a.) a.m. p.m. p.m p.m. p-m. a.IN). a.m. a.m. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 4 University Board of Trustees meets in the President’s Office. Concert by Finals Dance Orchestra on the lawn in front of Lee Chapel. Alumni Smoker, Student Union Building. Finals Dance in Doremus Gymnasium. ‘THURSDAY, JUNE 5 The Alumni Board of Trustees meets in Washington Hall. Academic Procession forms at Washington Hall for Baccalaureate service. Baccalaureate Service in Lee Chapel. Speaker: Dr. Norman Vincent Peale, pastor of Marble Collegiate Church, New York City. The Alumni Association luncheon for seniors, parents, faculty, and alumni on the back campus. General Meeting of all alumni in duPont Hall auditorium. Reception for seniors, parents, and guests at the President's Home. Finals Dance in Doremus Gymnasium. FRIDAY, JUNE 6 Commissioning Ceremony in Lee Chapel. Academic Procession forms at Washington Hall for Commencement Exercises. Commencement Exercises on the lawn between the President's home and R. E. Lee Memorial Episcopal Church. Alumni—you are cordially invited and urged to attend! Box 82, Applachian—Homer A. Jones, Jr., °42, Bristol, Virginia Augusta-Rockingham—Richard W. Smith, °41, In- dustrial Loau building, Staunton, Vir ginia. ‘46, 46 Fifth St., N.W. Atlanta—Rodney Cook, Hoyt, ’39, 518 Chestnut Baltimore—Robert S. Avenue, Towson 4, Marylan Birmingham—John V. Coe, ’25, 1631 North 3rd Street Charleston, West Virginia—Ruge P. DeVan, Jr., ‘34, United Carbon Building Gna none Ceoree U. Stephens, °50, 904 Avon ac Chicago—Charles A. Strahorn, ’28, Winnetka Trust and Savings Bank, Winnetka, Illinois Charlotte—Charles L. Green, "40, 1207 Commercial ’41, 1020 Union Trust Bank Bldg. Cincinnati—Jack L. Reiter, Building Cleveland—Roy D. Prentiss, °44, 17605 Kinsman Road Danville—Richard L. Heard, '44, 220 Robertson "34, First Avenue Florida West Coast—John A. Hanley, Federal Building, St. Petersburg Gulf Stream—L. L. Copley, ’25, Security Building Miami, Florida Houston—Ted Riggs, ’38, 2000 First City National Bank Building ’48, 625 Hogan Jacksonville—A. B. Conley, Jr Street Kansas a H. Leedy, ’49, 15 West 10th "40, Kentucky Stree Louisville—Ernest Woodward, II, Home Life Building Lynchburg—Edward S. Graves, Colony Life Building Mid-South—Harry Wellford, ’46, Commerce Title Building, Memphis, Tennessee °41, 68 Carlton New York—Steven E. Campbell, Avenue, Port Washington, New York °30, Jahncke New_ Orleans—Herbert Jahncke, Service New River and Greenbrier—Harry E. Moran, '13. Beckley, West Virginia Norfolk, Virginia—Sam R. Ames, °42, 603 Nation- al Bank of Commerce Bldg., Norfolk 1, Va. Texas—John M. ne *31, 401 Re- North public Bank Building, Dalla Nortbwest Louisiana—Richard Eglin, ’44, Shreve- por Jr., °38, 3406 Peninsula—Vernon T. Strickler, Washington Avenue, Newport News, Virginia *50, 59-3 Drexel- *30, 409 First Philadelphia—James T. Trundle, brook Drive, Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania Piedmont—A. M. Pullen, Jr., ’36, 203 Southeastern Building, Greensboro, North Carolina Pittsburgh—Anthony E. D’Emilio, Jr., ’41, 702 Frick Building Richmond, Virginia—Robert A. Dementi, ’40, 4215 Seminary Avenue, Richmond 22, Virginia Roanoke—H. Thomas Martin, ’41, 442 King George Avenue, S.W Antonio—John_ W. Goode, Jr., °48, 407-09 San Scuth Texas Building St. Louis—Andrew H. Baur, ’37, 50 Picardy Lane, Clayton 24, Missouri Tri-State—T. J. Mayo, ’31, Box 1672, Huntington, West Virginia Upper Potomac—William L. Wilson, Jr., ‘38, 525 Cumberland Street, Cumberland, Maryland Washington. D. C.—Arthur Clarendon Smith, Jr., , 1818 You Street, N.W. Spring 1958 Vol. XXXITI No. 2 Published quarterly by Alumni, Incorporated Washington and Lee University Lexington, Virginia Entered as Second Class Matter at the Post Office at Lexington, Virginia, September 15, 1924 Printed at the Journalism Laboratory Press of Washington and Lee University Editor Harry K. (Cy) YOUNG, 1917 Managing Editor ‘TINA C, JEFFREY EDITORIAL BOARD PAXTON DaAVIs, JR. FRANK J. GILLIAM WILLIAM C. WASHBURN AMES. W. WHITEHEAD THE WASHINGTON AND LEE ALUMNI, INC President ERNEST Woopwarb II, 1940 Vice-President Davip D. JOHNSON, 1921 Secretary Harry K. (Cy) YOUNG, 1917 Treasurer FRANK C. BROOKS, 1946 THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES MARTIN P. Burks, III, 1932 PARKE S. ROUSE, JR., 1937 ERNEST Woopwarb, II, 1940 Davin D. JOHNSON, 1921 FRANK C. Brooks, 1946 PEYTON B. WINFREE, 1935 BEN W. DITTO, 1943 THE Cover: Springtime at Washington and Lee State Chamber of Commerce. —Photo by Flournoy, BOL TZRYTS ae) (ZC PRING WAS A LITTLE late this S year, with snows up until almost the first day of Easter vaca- tion. The colorful spring garb of students blossomed forth in April, however, and once again, the tra- ditional expeditions to Goshen on Saturday and Sunday afternoons began. “Great Ideas of Western Man” was announced as the theme for the 1958 Calyx. On March a1, fifty members of the Mary Washington College Glee Club appeared in joint concert with the Washington and Lee Glee Club. Class parties were staged by sophomores and juniors, “to promote class unity,” in March and April. The Troubadours pre- sented two fine plays, Shakespeare’s “Measure for Measure,” and “In- herit the Wind.” During Easter vacation, March 2g9-April 6, the campus informal song group, The Sazeracs, enjoyed a Florida singing engagement at the Colonnades, a resort hotel in West Palm Beach. = After vacation, a high spot in campus activities was the 1958 Minstrel Show, April 10-12, in the ‘Troubadour ‘Theater. Seven lovely Hollins students also ap- peared in the show, proceeds of which went to the Student War Memorial Scholarship Fund. A campus bridge tournament took place in April, sponsored by the ‘Tuesday edition of The Ring-twm Phi. Spring Dances were held April 18-19, with the theme, ‘““The Evolu- tion of Jazz.” ‘Two weeks later, 1,100 high school delegates to the Southern Interscholastic Press As- sociation swooped down on_ the campus for their annual meeting. Also descending on campus during the spring were numerous repre- sentatives of industry, recruiting seniors for jobs in their businesses. Political maneuvers got under- way in mid-April as party faithfuls pushed their candidacy for campus offices. Dr. MARION JUNKIN illustrates his lecture ma Fine Arts class in duPont auditor- ium, with colored slides of Renaiaissance paintings from the fourteenth to eigh- teenth centuries. —State C. of C. Photo. Meanwhile, attendance at visit- ine scholar Dr. Arnold ‘Toynbee’s Friday lectures remained high, as stvdenis, faculty, alumni, and visi- tors maintained a keen interest in the historian’s talks on contempor- ary world conditions. THIRTEEN MEMBERS OF the faculty will share in Glenn Grant research and study funds totaling $4,078 this summer. ‘They are: Professor E. C. Atwood, econom- ics, for research and study for the writing of a textbook in money and banking; Dr. L. L. Barrett, Spanish, for partial expenses of travel and living in Spain while doing research on Guillen de Cas- tro; Dr. William G. Bean, history, for revision of the manuscript of Sandy Pendleton; Dr. A Ross Borden, Jr., English, for research in the Folger and Houghton libraries on allegorical and narrative poets of the English Renaissance; Dr. J. D. Cook, Jr. accounting, for study and compara- tive analysis of the budget of the Commonwealth of Virginia; Pro- fessor ‘IT. E. Ennis, accounting, for continuing work on his Ph.D. de- gree at University of Michigan; Dr. Marshall Fishwick, American. stu- dies, for research and study on the “Southern Code”; Dr. Paul C. Hayner, philosophy, for research at Harvard libraries on philosophy of art in the twen- tieth Dr. ‘Thomas P. Hughes, history, for research on his- tory of the electrical industry; Professor R. N. Latture, political science, for a study of parliamen- tary institutions in India and Pak- istan; Dr. W. W. Pusey, III, Ger- century; THE ALUMNI MAGAZINE man, for research in the writings of Eduard von Keyserling; Professor W. J. Ritz, law, for a study of “Origin, Purpose, and In- terpretation of the Conflict of Laws Clauses of the Federal Constitu- tion.”; Dr. J. K. Shillington, chem- istry, for research on the resolu- tion of optically active ketones in the light of new discoveries. m= THE APPOINTMENT OF James W. Whitehead as Director of Univer- sity Relations was effective May 1. He came to Washington and Lee from New York, where he was ex- ecutive director of the Empire State Foundation of Independent Liberal Arts Colleges, a post he held for three years. He has stepped into a new po- sition established to integrate all of Washington and Lee’s public relations activities under one ad- ministrative head. His primary concern will be the continuing work of the Office of University Development, now in its fifth year. One of his first major tasks is the final planning and organization for the two million dollar capital fund campaign, which will be launched later this year. In addition to his work with the Empire State Foundation, he has had other experience in public re- lations. From 1945 until 1950, he was director of public relations and alumni secretary for the Uni- versity of ‘Lampa, his alma mater, at ‘Tampa, Florida. From 1950 to 1955, he served in various execu- tive capacities for the National Conference of Christians and Jews. A native of Columbus, Georgia, he is 36, and the father of two sons. He is a 1942 graduate of Tampa. During World War II, he saw serv- ice as a naval aviator in the North and Central Pacific, and was dis- charged with the rank of Lieuten- ant (junior grade). Donald E. Smith, who headed Washington and Lee’s development program from its organization in SPRING 1958 1953, until February of this year, is now director of university re- lations at the University of Roches- ter, New York. m DR. MERTON OGDEN PHILLIPS, head of the department of economics, died March 25, 1958, after suffering a heart attack March 18. He had taught at Washington and Lee since 1929, and was Wilson Pro- fessor of economics. He was co-author with Dr. T. Russell Smith of Columbia Uni- versity of a textbook in economic geography, used widely throughout the country. The book, “North America,” has gone through sever- al editions. Other books were his “Report of U.S. Maritime Commis- sion on ‘Pramp Shipping Service,” and “Industrial and Commercial Geography.” Dr. Phillips was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Beta Gamma Sigma and Delta Kappa Epsilon. Funeral services were held from Robert E. Lee Memorial Episcopal church, of which he was a member. Survivors include his wife, a son and daughter. Three decades at Washington and Lee... m= ANOTHER CHEMISTRY textbook by Dr. E. S. Gilreath has been pub- lished, by the McGraw-Hill Book company. The book, “Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry,” advanced undergraduate students in chemistry, and is be- ing used by Dr. Gilreath’s advanced inorganic chemistry class here. His first book, “Qualitative is for Analysis,” a text for sophomore chemistry classes at Washington and Lee, is now in use at Over a hundred colleges and universities in the United States. m VALEDICTORIAN FOR THE Class of 1958 will be John Monk Larson, a Beta Theta Pi from Washington, D.C., who will graduate with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science. John compiled a 2.971 grade point average over his four years at Washington and Lee. He had 104 semester hours with the grade of “A” and three hours with the grade of ‘“B’. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa as a junior, and holds the coveted Vincent L. Bradford schol- arship. John, a polo victim of 1945, does not have full use of his arms or shoulders; however, he can drive a car, and has one especially adapted with foot controls. m FOR THE SECOND successive year, a University senior has won a $250 scholarship from the Delta Upsilon Educational Foundation. Lewis John of Cortland, New York, was one of seven undergraduate leaders so honored in the United States. John, whose major is economics, 1s president of Interfraternity Coun- cil, and a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Omicron Delta Kappa. m FIVE SENIORS HAVE won Woodrow Wilson National Fellowships for advanced study, and one senior was awarded a Fulbright scholarship for graduate study in theology abroad. [Turn Page| 3 DEAN WILLIAMS, right, shows Tweed Bowl (awarded this fall to the Moot Court team for the best brief in the National Competition) to Tucker Law Lecturer, Joun J. McCroy. The Wilson fellowships, valued at more than $1400 each, went to M. Maxwell Caskie, ITI, Arlington, Virginia; J. Arnold Groobey, Nor- folk, Virginia; J. Gill Holland, Jr. Lynchburg, Virginia; Lewis G. John, Cortland, New York; and Randal F. Robinson, Paducah, Kentucky. William R. Goodman, Jr. of Lex- ington was named to a Fulbright scholarship at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, next year. m LEE CHAPEL was filled to capacity to hear John J. McCloy deliver the 1oth annual John Randolph Tuck- er Lectures April 18 and 19. Mr. McCloy, who is Chairman of the Board of Chase Manhattan Bank, former U.S. High Commis- sioner to Germany, former Assist- ant Secretary of War, and a distin- guished member of the New York Bar, spoke on “The Extracurricular Lawyer,” April 18, and joined with Visiting Scholar in Residence, Dr. Arnold J. Toynbee, to discuss ‘“The Role of the Lawyer in a Changing World,” April 19. 4 In his first lecture, Mr. McCloy discussed the interrelationship of law, government, and business and emphasized some of the attributes and detriments of ‘the legally trained man” in fields outside of the traditional scope of the legal profession. He concluded that, although the lawyer is in a class apart when par- ticipating in extracurricular fields, there is nothing per se about a legal training which qualifies every lawyer to become outstanding in these fields. The panel discussion, moderated by President Gaines, supplanted the traditional second and_ third individual lectures. Both Mr. Mc- Cloy and Dr. ‘Toynbee agreed that the role of the lawyer today is quite different from the traditional con- cept of the family lawyer. ‘They be- lieved that, possibly, the modern lawyer could mould public opinion so as to prevent resort to war as a means of settling problems of the international community. The two speakers also explored timely subjects such as the future of international law, developments in current foreign policy, and the expanding role of the lawyer in economic fields. A Word About: Our Higher Education Supplement... HE FACE OF Alma Mater is famil- lar to her sons and daughters. Alumni magazines of America have told their readers what the col- leges are today, what they are at- tempting in action and planning. But have we told the story of American higher education in all its national diversity, strength, ur- gency and opportunity? Do we pro- vide perspective that shows our Alma Mater in its world orienta- tion? There are reasons why we could not. We have limits of manpower, budget, time: there are immediate, demanding preoccupations. But a group of fourteen alumni maga- zine editors was challenged to pool individual resources, and_ tackle the bigger assignment together. This special thirty-two page sup- plement, beginning on the next page, is the result. It was not achieved simply or easily. Dozens of alumni editors have scouted what was significent in every region. Material was »col- lected, collated, written, and re- written. A photographer took 5,000 pictures, of which a typical group was selected to be used as illustra- tions. In all, 1,350,000 copies of this supplement were printed in alumni magazines of 153 different colleges in our country, Canada, and Mexico. It was a cooperative experiment without precedent. The alumnus of Washington and Lee may look in vain for direct mention of it—he may find no illus- tration specific of our campus. But, alongside many a paragraph and photo, he will find an implicit checkmark of relevance. Name or not, Washington and Lee is there. THE ALUMNI MAGAZINE A SPECIAL REPORT AMERICAN HIGHER EDUCATION 1958 ITS PRESSING PROBLEMS AND NEEDS ARE EXCEEDED ONLY BY ITS OPPORTUNITIES HIS is a special report. It is published because the time has come for colleges and universities—and their alumni—to recognize and act upon some ex- traordinary challenges and opportunities. Item: Three million, sixty-eight thousand young men and women are enrolled in America’s colleges and universities this year—45 per cent more than were enrolled six years ago, although the number of young people in the eighteen- to-twenty-one age bracket has increased only 2 per cent in the same period. A decade hence, when colleges will feel the effects of the unprecedented birth rates of the mid- 1940’s, today’s already-enormous enrollments will double. Item: In the midst of planning to serve more students, higher education is faced with the problem of not losing sight of its extraordinary students. ““What is going to happen to the genius or two in this crowd?” asked a professor at one big university this term, waving his hand at a seemingly endless line of students waiting to fill out forms at registra- la education in America had its beginnings when the Puritans founded a college to train their ministers. Here, reflected in a modern library window, is the chapel spire at Harvard. tion desks. “‘Heaven knows, if the free world ever needed to discover its geniuses, it needs to do so now.”’ President Robert Gordon Sproul of the University of California puts it this way: “If we fail in our hold upon quality, the cherished American dream of universal education will degenerate into a nightmare.” Item: A college diploma is the sine gua non for almost any white-collar job nowadays, and nearly everybody wants one. In the scramble, a lot of students are going to college who cannot succeed there. At the Ohio State University, for instance, which is required by law to admit every Ohioan who owns a high-school diploma and is able to complete the entrance blanks, two thousand students flunked out last year. Nor is Ohio State’s problem unique. The resultant waste of teaching talents, physical facilities, and money is shocking—to say nothing of the damage to young people’s self-respect. Item: The cost of educating a student is soaring. Like many others, Brown University is boosting its fees this spring: Brown students henceforth will pay an annual tuition bill of $1,250. But it costs Brown $2,300 to provide a year’s instruction in return. The difference between charges and actual cost, says Brown’s President Barnaby C. Keeney, “represents a kind of scholarship from the faculty. They pay for it out of their hides.” Item: The Educational Testing Service reports that lack of money keeps many of America’s ablest high- school students from attending college—150,000 last year. The U. S. Office of Education found not long ago that even at public colleges and universities, where tuition rates are still nominal, a student needs around $1,500 a year to get by. Item: Non-monetary reasons are keeping many promis- ing young people from college, also. The Social Science Research Council offers evidence that fewer than half of the students in the upper tenth of their high-school classes go on to college. In addition to lack of money, a major reason for this defection is “‘lack of motivation.”’ Item: At present rates, only one in eight college teachers can ever expect to earn more than $7,500 a year. If colleges are to attract and hold competent teachers, says Devereux C. Josephs, chairman of the President’s Committee on Education Beyond the High School, faculty salaries must be increased by at least Fos its simple beginnings, American higher education has grown into 1,800 institutions of incredible diversity. At the right is but a sampling of their vast interests and activities. 50 per cent during the next five years. Such an increase would cost the colleges and universities around half a billion dollars a year. Item: Some critics say that too many colleges and universities have been willing to accept—or, perhaps more accurately, have failed firmly to rejyect—certain tasks which have been offered to or thrust upon them, but which may not properly be the business of higher education at all.. “The. professor,” said one college administrator recently, “should not be a carhop who answers every demanding horn. Educational institutions must not be hot-dog stands.” Item: The colleges and universities, some say, are not teaching what they ought to be teaching or are not teaching it effectively. ““Where are the creative thinkers?” they ask. Have we, without quite realizing it, grown into _ a nation of gadgeteers, of tailfin technicians, and lost the art of basic thought? (And from all sides comes the worried reminder that the other side launched their earth satellites first.) HESE are some of the problems—only some of them—which confront American higher education in 1958. Some of the problems are higher edu- cation’s own offspring; some are products of the times. But some are born of a fact that is the identifying strength of higher education in America: its adaptability to the free world’s needs, and hence its diversity. Indeed, so diverse is it—in organization, sponsorship, purpose, and philosophy—that perhaps it is fallacious to use the generalization, ‘““American higher education,” at all. It includes 320-year-old Harvard and the University of Southern Florida, which now 1s only on the drawing boards and will not open until 1960. The humanities research center at the University of Texas and the course in gunsmithing at Lassen Junior College in Susanville, California. Vassar and the U. S. Naval Academy. The University of California, with its forty- two thousand students, and Deep Springs Junior College, on the eastern side of the same state, with only nineteen. Altogether there are more than 1,800 American insti- tutions which offer “higher education,’’. and no two of them are alike. Some are liberal-arts colleges, some are UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO MILLS COLLEGE GREAT ISSUES “ SUGGESTION Box DARTMOUTH COLLEGE AMHERST COLLEGE Aon Ng Aan p Rtn UNIVERS ITY OF CALIFORNIA DEEP SPRINGS JUNIOR COLLEGE EMORY UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS W. growth have come problems for the colleges and universities. One of the most pressing, today, is swelling enrollments. Already they are straining higher education’s campuses and teaching resources. But the present large student population is only a fraction of the total expected in the next decade. SMITH COLLEGE vast universities, some specialize in such fields as law, agriculture, medicine, and engineering. Some are sup- ported by taxation, some are affiliated with churches, some are independent in both organization and finance. Thus any generalization about American higher edu- cation will have its exceptions—including the one that all colleges and universities desperately need more money. (Among the 1,800, there may be one or two which don’t.) In higher education’s diversity—the result of its restlessness, its freedom, its geography, its competitive- ness—lies a good deal of its strength. MERICAN higher education in 1958 is hardly what the Puritans envisioned when they founded the country’s first college to train their ministers in 1636. For nearly two and a half centuries after that, the aim of America’s colleges, most of them founded by churches, was limited: to teach young people the rudi- ments of philosophy, theology, the classical languages, and mathematics. Anyone who wanted a more extensive education had to go to Europe for it. One break from tradition came in 1876, with the founding of the Johns Hopkins University. Here, for the first time, was an American institution with European standards of advanced study in the arts and sciences. Other schools soon followed the Hopkins example. And with the advanced standards came an emphasis on research. No longer did American university scholars simply pass along knowledge gained in Europe; they began to make significant contributions themselves. Another spectacular change began at about the same time. With the growth of science, agriculture—until then a relatively simple art—became increasingly com- plex. In the 1850’s a number of institutions were founded to train people for it, but most of them failed to survive. In 1862, however, in the darkest hours of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln signed the Morrill Land-Grant Act, offering each state public lands and support for at least one college to teach agriculture and the mechanic arts. Thus was the foundation laid for the U. S. state- university system. “In all the annals of republics,” said Andrew D. White, the first president of one institution founded under the act, Cornell University, “there is no more significant utterance of confidence in national destiny, out from the midst of national calamity.” OW there was no stopping American higher edu- cation’s growth, or the growth of its diversity. Optimistically America moved into the 1900’s, and higher education moved with it. More and more Americans wanted to go to college and were able to do so. Public and private institutions were established and expanded. Tax dollars by the millions were appropriated, and philanthropists like Rockefeller and Carnegie and Stanford vied to support education on a large scale. Able teachers, now being graduated in numbers by America’s own universities, joined their staffs. In the universities’ graduate and professional schools, research flourished. It reached outward to explore the universe, the world, and the creatures that inhabit it. Scholars examined the past, enlarged and tended man’s cultural heritage, and pressed their great twentieth- century search for the secrets of life and matter. Participating in the exploration were thousands of young Americans, poor and rich. As students they were acquiring skills and sometimes even wisdom. And, with l. the flood of vast numbers of students, the colleges and universities are concerned that they not lose sight of the individuals in the crowd. They are also worried about costs: every extra student adds to their financial deficits. HARVARD UNIVERSITY their professors, they were building a uniquely American tradition of higher education which has continued to this day. UR aspirations, as a nation, have never been higher. Our need for educational excellence has never been greater. But never have the challenges been as sharp as they are in 1958. Look at California, for one view of American edu- cation’s problems and opportunities—and for a view of imaginative and daring action, as well. Nowhere is the public appetite for higher education more avid, the need for highly trained men and women more clear, the pressure of population more acute. In a recent four-year period during which the country’s population rose 7.5 per cent, California’s rose some 17.6 per cent. Californians—with a resoluteness which is, unfortunately, not typical of the nation as a whole— have shown a remarkable determination to face and even to anticipate these facts. They have decided that the state should build fifteen new junior colleges, thirteen new state colleges, and five new campuses for their university. (Already the state has 135 institutions of higher learning: sixty-three private establishments, sixty-one public junior colleges, ten state colleges, and the University of California with eight campuses. Nearly 40 cents of every tax dollar goes to support education on the state level.) But California has recognized that providing new facilities is only part of the solution. New philosophies are needed, as well. The students looking for classrooms, for example, vary tremendously, one from the other, in aptitudes, aims, and abilities. “If higher education ts to meet the varied needs of students and also the diverse requirements of an increasingly complex society,” a California report says, “there will have to be corresponding diversity among and within educational institutions... . It will UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA T. accommodate more students and to keep pace with increasing demands for complex research work, higher education must spend more on construction this year than in any other year in history. not be sufficient for California—or any other state, for that matter—simply to provide enough places for the students who will seek college admission in future years. It will also have to supply, with reasonable economy and efficiency, a wide range of educational programs.” Like all of the country, California and Californians have some big decisions to make. R. LEWIS H. CHRISMAN is a professor of English at West Virginia Wesleyan, a Methodist college near the town of Buckhannon. He ac- cepted an appointment there in 1919, when it consisted of just five major buildings and a coeducational student body of 150. One of the main reasons he took the appoint- ment, Dr. Chrisman said later, was that a new library was to be built “right away.”’ Thirty years later the student body had jumped to 720. Nearly a hundred other students were taking ex- tension and evening courses. The zooming postwar birth rate was already in the census statistics, in West Virginia as elsewhere. But Dr. Chrisman was still waiting for that library. West Virginia Wesleyan had been plagued with problems. Not a single major building had gone up in thirty-five years. To catch up with its needs, the college would have to spend $500,000. For a small college to raise a half million dollars is often as tough as for a state university to obtain perhaps ten times as much, if not tougher. But Wesleyan’s president, trustees, faculty, and alumni decided that if independent colleges, including church-related ones, were to be as significant a force in the times ahead as they had been in the past, they must try. Now West Virginia Wesleyan has an eighty-thousand- volume library, three other buildings completed, a fifth to be ready this spring, and nine more on the agenda. A group of people reached a hard decision, and then made it work. Dr. Chrisman’s hopes have been more than fulfilled. So it goes, all over America. The U. S. Office of Edu- cation recently asked the colleges and universities how much they are spending on new construction this year. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA a. most serious shortage that higher education faces is in its teaching staffs. Many are underpaid, and not enough young people are entering the field. Here, left to right, are a Nobel Prizewinning chemist, a Bible historian, a heart surgeon, a physicist, and a poet. Ninety per cent of them replied. In calendar 1958, they are spending $1.078 billion. Purdue alone has $37 million worth of construction in process. Penn has embarked on twenty-two projects costing over $31 million. Wake Forest and Goucher and Colby Colleges, among others, have left their old campuses and moved to brand-new ones. Stanford is undergoing the greatest building boom since its founding. Every- where in higher education, the bulldozer, advance agent of growth, is working to keep up with America’s insati- able, irresistible demands. ES UILDING PROJECTS, however, are only the outward and visible signs of higher education’s effort to stay geared to the times. And in many ways they are the easiest part of the solution to its problems. Others go deeper. Not long ago the vice president of a large university was wondering aloud. “Perhaps,” he said, ““we have been thinking that by adding more schools and institutes as more knowledge seemed necessary to the world, we were serving the cause of learning. Many are now calling for a reconsideration of what the whole of the university is trying to do.”’ The problem is a very real one. In the course of her 200-year-plus history, the university had picked up so many schools, institutes, colleges, projects, and “‘centers”’ that almost no one man could name them all, much less give an accurate description of their functions. Other institutions are in the same quandary. Why? One reason is suggested by the vice president’s comment. Another is the number of demands which we as a nation have placed upon our institutions of higher learning. We call upon them to give us space-age weapons and WEST VIRGINIA WESLEYAN COLLEGE BAYLOR UNIVERSITY polio vaccine. We ask them to provide us with lumber- men and liberally educated PTA presidents, doctors and statesmen, business executives and poets, teachers and housewives. We expect the colleges to give us religious training, better fertilizers, extension courses in music appreciation, fresh ideas on city planning, classes in Square dancing, an understanding of medieval literature, and basic research. The nation does need many services, and higher edu- cation has never been shy about offering to provide a great portion of them. Now however, in the face of a multitude of pressures ranging from the population surge to the doubts many people have about the quality of American thought, there are those who are wondering if America is not in danger of over-extending its edu- cational resources: if we haven’t demanded, and if under the banner of higher education our colleges and universi- ties haven't taken on, too much. RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE DARTMOUTH COLLEGE MERICA has never been as ready to pay for its educational services as it has been to request them. A single statistic underlines the point. We spend about seven tenths of 1 per cent of our gross national product on higher education. (Not that we should look to the Russians to set our standards for us —but it is worth noting that they spend on higher education more than 2 per cent of their gross.) As a result, this spring, many colleges and universities find themselves in a tightening vise. It is not only that prices have skyrocketed; the real cost of providing education has risen, too. As knowledge has broadened and deepened, for example, more complicated and costly equipment has become essential. Feeling the financial squeeze most painfully are the faculty members. The average salary of a college or university teacher in America today is just over $5,000. The average salary of a full professor is just over $7,000. It is a frequent occurrence on college campuses for a graduating senior, nowadays, to be offered a starting salary in industry that is higher than that paid to most of the faculty men who trained him. On humane grounds alone, the problem is shocking. But it is not limited to a question of humaneness; there is a serious question of national welfare, also. “Any institution that fails through inability or de- linquency to attract and hold its share of the best academic minds of the nation is accepting one of two. consequences,” says President Cornelis W. de Kiewiet of the University of Rochester. “‘The first 1s a sentence of inferiority and decline, indeed an inferiority so much greater and a decline so much more intractable that trustees, alumni, and friends can only react in distress when they finally see the truth. ... “The second...is the heavy cost of rehabilitation once the damage has been done. In education as in busi- ness there is no economy more foolish than poor mainte- nance and upkeep. Staffs that have been poorly maintained can be rebuilt only at far greater cost. Since even less- qualified and inferior people are going to be in short supply, institutions content to jog along will be denied even the solace of doing a moderate job at a moderate cost. It is going to be disturbingly expensive to do even a bad job.” The effects of mediocrity in college and university teaching, if the country should permit it to come about, could only amount to a national disaster. ITH the endless squeezes, economies, and crises it 1S experiencing, it would not be particularly remarkable if American higher education, this spring, were alternately reproaching its neglecters and struggling feebly against a desperate fate. By and large, it is doing nothing of the sort. Instead, higher education is moving out to meet its problems and, even more significantly, looking beyond them. Its plans take into account that it may have twice as many students by 1970. It recognizes that it must not, in this struggle to accommodate quantity, lose sight of quality or turn into a molder of “‘mass minds.” It is con- tinuing to search for ways to improve its present teaching. It 1s charting new services to local communities, the nation, and vast constituencies overseas. It is entering new areas of research, so revolutionary that it must invent new names for them. ONSIDER the question of maintaining quality amidst quantity. ““How,” educators ask them- selves, ““can you educate everyone who is ambi- hon students must not be overlooked, especially in a time when America needs to educate every outstanding man and woman to fullest capacity. The students at the right are ina philosophy of science class. tious and has the basic qualifications, and still have time, teachers, and money to spend on the unusual boy or girl? Are we being true to our belief in the individual if we put everyone into the same mold, ignoring human differences? Besides, let’s be practical about it: doesn’t this country need to develop every genius it has?” There is one approach to the problem at an institution in eastern California, Deep Springs. The best way to get there 1s to go to Reno, Nevada, and then drive about five hours through the Sierras to a place called Big Pine. Deep Springs has four faculty members, is well endowed, selects its students carefully, and charges no tuition or fees. It cannot lose sight of its good students: its total enrollment is nineteen. At another extreme, some institutions have had to devote their time and effort to training as many people as possible. The student with unusual talent has had to find it and develop it without help. Other institutions are looking for the solution some- where in between. The University of Kansas, for example, like many other state universities, is legally bound to accept every graduate of an accredited state high school who applies, without examinations or other entrance requirements. ‘Until recently,” says Dean George Waggoner of Kan- sas’s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, ‘‘many of us spent a great deal of our time trying to solve the problem of marginal students.” In the fall of 1955, the university announced a pro- gram designed especially for the “gifted student.’’ Its TANFORD UNIVERSITY objective: to make sure that exceptional young men and women would not be overlooked or under-exposed in a time of great student population and limited faculty. Now Kansas uses state-wide examinations to spot these exceptional high-school boys and girls early. It invites high-school principals to nominate candidates for scholarships from the upper 5 per cent of their senior classes. It brings the promising high-school students to its Lawrence campus for further testing, screening, and selection. When they arrive at the university as freshmen, the students find themselves in touch with a special faculty committee. It has the power to waive many academic rules for them. They are allowed to take as large a bite of education as they can swallow, and the usual course OF KANSAS UNIVERSITY aie VEN in institutions with thousands of students, young people with extraordinary talents can be spotted and developed. This teacher is leading an honors section at a big university. prerequisites do not apply; they may enter junior and senior-level courses if they can handle the work. They use the library with the same status as faculty members and graduate students, and some serve as short-term research associates for professors. The force of the program has been felt beyond the students and the faculty members who are immediately involved. It has sent a current throughout the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. All students on the dean’s honor roll, for example, no longer face a strict limit in the number of courses they may take. Departments have strengthened their honor sections or, in some cases, established them for the first time. The value of the program reaches down into the high schools, too, stimu- lating teachers and attracting to the university strong students who might otherwise be lost to Kansas. Across the country, there has been an attack on the problem of the bright student’s boredom during his early months in college. (Too often he can do nothing but fidget restlessly as teachers gear their courses to students less talented than he.) Now, significantly large numbers are being admitted to college before they have finished high school; experiments with new curricula and oppor- tunities for small discussion groups, fresh focus, and independent study are found in many schools. Founda- tions, so influential in many areas of higher education today, are giving their support. The ‘‘quality vs. quantity” issue has other ramifica- tions. ‘““Education’s problem of the future,”’ says President Eldon L. Johnson of the University of New Hampshire, ‘is the relation of mind and mass.... The challenge is to reach numbers without mass treatment and the creation of mass men....It is in this setting and this philosophy that the state university finds its place.”’ And, one might add, the independent institution as well. For the old idea that the public school is concerned with quantity and the private school with quality is a false one. All of American higher education, in its diver- sity, must meet the twin needs of extraordinary persons and a better educated, more thoughtful citizenry. HAT is a better educated, more thoughtful citizenry? And how do we get one? If Ameri- ca’s colleges and universities thought they had the perfect answers, a pleasant complacency might spread across the land. In the offices of those who are responsible for laying out programs of education, however, there is anything but complacency. Ever since they stopped being content with a simple curriculum of theology, philosophy, Latin, Greek, and math, the colleges and universities have been searching for better ways of educating their students in breadth as well as depth. And they are still hunting. Take the efforts at Amherst, as an example of what many are doing. Since its founding Amherst has devel- oped and refined its curriculum constantly. Once it offered a free elective system: students chose the courses they wanted. Next it tried specialization: students selected a major field of study in their last two years. Next, to make sure that they got at least a taste of many different fields, Amherst worked out a system for balancing the elective courses that its students were permitted to select. But by World War II, even this last refinement seemed inadequate. Amherst began—again—a re-evaluation. When the self-testing was over, Amherst’s students began taking three sets of required courses in their fresh- man and sophomore years: one each in science, history, and the humanities. The courses were designed to build the groundwork for responsible lives: they sought to help students form an integrated picture of civiliza- tion’s issues and processes. (But they were not “‘surveys”’ —or what Philosophy Professor Gail Kennedy, chairman of the faculty committee that developed the program, calls ‘“‘those superficial omnibus affairs.’’) How did the student body react? Angrily. When Pro- fessor Arnold B. Arons first gave his course in physical science and mathematics, a wave of resentment arose. It culminated at a mid-year dance. The music stopped, con- versations ceased, and the students observed a solemn, two-minute silence. They called it a “‘Hate Arons Silence.” But at the end of the year they gave the professor a standing ovation. He had been rough. He had not pro- vided his students with pat answers. He had forced them to think, and it had been a shock at first. But as they got used to it, the students found that thinking, among all of life’s experiences, can sometimes be the most exhilarating. O TEACH them to think: that is the problem. | It is impossible, today, for any school, under- graduate or professional, to equip its students with all the knowledge they will need to become compe- tent engineers, doctors, farmers, or business men. On the other hand, it can provide its students with a chance to discover something with which, on their own, they can live an extraordinary life: their ability to think. HUS, in the midst of its planning for swollen enrollments, enlarged campuses, balanced bud- gets, and faculty-procurement crises, higher edu- cation gives deep thought to the effectiveness of its programs. When the swollen enrollments do come and the shortage of teachers does become acute, higher education hopes it can maintain its vitality. BAYLOR UNIVERSITY a IMPROVE the effectiveness of their teaching, colleges and universities are experimenting with new techniques like recordings of plays (above) and television, which (/eft) can bring medical students a closeup view of delicate experiments. HARVARD UNIVERSITY To stretch teaching resources without sacrificing (and, perhaps, even improving) their effectiveness, it is explor- ing such new techniques as microfilms, movies, and television. At Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, in Troy, New York, the exploration is unusually intense. RPI calls its concerted study “‘Project Reward.’ How good, Project Reward asks, are movies, audio-visual aids, closed-circuit television? How can we set up really ef- fective demonstrations in our science courses? How much more effective, if at all, is a small class than a big one? Which is better: lecture or discussion groups? Says Roland H. Trathen, associate head of Rensselaer’s department of mechanics and a leader in the Project Reward enter- prise, when he is asked about the future, “If creative contributions to teaching are recognized and rewarded in the same manner as creative contributions to research, we have nothing to fear.” The showman in a good professor comes to the fore when he is offered that new but dangerous tool of com- munication, television. Like many gadgets, television can be used merely to grind out more degree-holders, or—in the hands of imaginative, dedicated teachers—it can be a powerful instrument for improvement. Experiments with television are going on all over the place. A man at the University of Oregon, this spring, can teach a course simultaneously on his own campus and three others in the state, thanks to an electronic link. Pennsylvania State experimented with the medium for three years and discovered that in some cases the TV students did better than their counterparts who saw their instructors in the flesh. The dangers in assembly-line education are real. But with new knowledge about how people actually learn— and new devices to he/p them learn—interesting pos- sibilities appear. Even so, some institutions may cling to time-worn notions about teaching until they are torn loose by the current of the age. Others may adulterate the quality of their product by rushing into short-cut schemes. The _reader can hope that his college, at least, will use the new tools wisely: with courage yet with caution. Most of all, he can hope that it will not be forced into adopting them in desperation, because of poverty or its inability to hold good teachers, but from a position of confidence and strength. MERICAN higher education does not limit itself ‘to college campuses or the basic function of edu- cating the young. It has assumed responsibility for direct, active, specific community service, also. ‘“‘Democracy’s Growing Edge,”’ the Teacher’s College of the University of Nebraska calls one such service project. Its sponsors are convinced that one of the basic functions of local schools is to improve their communi- ties, and they are working through the local boards of education in Nebraska towns to demonstrate it. Consider Mullen (pop. 750), in northwest Nebraska’s sandhills area, the only town in its cattle-ranching county. The nearest hospital is ninety miles away. Mullen needs its own clinic; one was started six years ago, only to bog down. Under the university’s auspices, with Mullen’s school board coordinating the project and the Teacher’s College furnishing a full-time associate coordinator, the citizens went to work. Mullen now has its clinical facilities. Or consider Syracuse, in the southeast corner of the state, a trading center for some three thousand persons. It is concerned about its future because its young people are migrating to neighboring Lincoln and Omaha; to hold them, Syracuse needs new industry and recreational facilities. Again, through the university’s program, towns- people have taken action, voting for a power con- tract that will assure sufficient electricity to attract industry and provide opportunities for youth. Many other institutions currently are offering a variety of community projects—as many as seventy-eight at one state university this spring. Some samples: The University of Dayton has tailored its research program to the needs of local industry and offers training programs for management. Ohio State has planted the nation’s first poison plant garden to find out why some plants are poisonous to livestock when grown in some soils yet harmless in others. Northwestern’s study of traffic problems has grown into a new transportation center. The University of Southern California encourages able high-school students to work in its scientific labora- tories in the summer. Regis College runs a series of economics seminars for Boston professional women. Community service takes the form of late-afternoon and evening colleges, also, which offer courses to school teachers and business men. Television is in the picture, too. Thousands of New Yorkers, for example, rise before dawn to catch New York University’s “Sunrise Semester,” a stiff and stimulating series of courses on WCBS-TYV. In California, San Bernardino Valley College has gone onradio. One night a week, members of more than seventy- five discussion groups gather in private homes and turn on their sets. For a half hour, they listen to a program UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA such as ““Great Men and Great Issues” or ““The Ways of Mankind,” a study of anthropology. When the program is over (it is then 8:30), the living- room discussions start. People talk, argue, raise ques- tions—and learn. One thousand of them are hard at it, all over the San Bernardino Valley area. Then, at ten o’clock, they turn on the radio again. A panel of experts is on. Members of the discussion groups pick up their phones and ask questions about the night’s topic. The panel gives its answers over the air. Says one participant, “I learned that people who once seemed dull, uninteresting, and pedestrian had exciting things to say if | would keep my mouth shut and let them say it.” When it thinks of community services, American higher education does not limit itself to its own back yard. Behind the new agricultural chemistry building at the University of the Philippines stand bare concrete columns which support nothing. The jungle has grown up around their bases. But you can stil: see the remains of buildings which once housed one of the most distinguished agri- cultural schools in the Far East, the university’s College of Agriculture. When Filipinos returned to the campus after World War II, they found virtually nothing. The needs of the Philippines’ devastated lands for trained men were clear and immediate. The faculty began to put the broken pieces back together again, but it was plain that the rebuilding would take decades. In 1952, Cornell University’s New York State College of Agriculture formed a partnership with them. The ob- jective: to help the Filipinos rewuild, not in a couple of generations, but in a few years. Twelve top faculty mem- bers from Cornell have spent a year or more as regular members of the staff. Filipinos have gone to New York to take part in programs there. | Now, Philippine agriculture has a new lease on life— and Filipinos say that the Cornell partnership should receive much of the credit. Farms are at last big enough to support their tenants. Weeds and insects are being brought under control. Grassland yields are up. And the college enrollment has leaped from little more than a hundred in 1945 to more than four thousand today. In Peru, the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Engineering is helping to strengthen the country’s agricultural research; North Carolina State College is I. ADDITION to teaching and conducting research, America’s colleges and universities offer a wide range of community services. At the left are hundreds of curriculum materials available at one state university. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Nox: of its services can function effectively unless higher education remains free. Freedom to pursue knowledge is the strongest attraction of college and university teaching. helping to develop Peruvian research in textiles; and the University of North Carolina co-operates in a program of technical assistance in sanitary engineering. In Liberia, Prairie View A. and M. College of Texas (the Negro college of the Texas A. and M. system) is working with the Booker Washington Agricultural and Industrial Insti- tute to expand vocational education. Syracuse University is producing audio-visual aids for the Middle East, par- ticularly Iran. The University of Tennessee is providing home-economics specialists to assist in training similar specialists in India. The University of Oregon is working with Nepal in establishing an educational system where none existed before (only eleven persons in the entire country of 8.5 million had had any professional training in education). Harvard is providing technical advice and assistance to Latin American countries in developing and maintaining nutrition programs. HUS emerges a picture of American higher edu- cation, 1958. Its diversity, its hope that it can handle large numbers of students without losing sight of quality in the process, its willingness to extend its services far beyond its classrooms and even its home towns: all these things are true of America’s colleges and universities today. They can be seen. But not as visible, like a subsurface flaw in the earth’s apparently solid crust, lie some facts that may alter the landscape considerably. Not enough young people, for instance, are currently working their way through the long process of preparation to become college and uni- versity teachers. Others, who had already embarked on faculty careers, are leaving the profession. Scholars and teachers are becoming one of the American economy’s scarcest commodities. Salary scales, as described earlier in this article, are largely responsible for the scarcity, but not entirely. Three faculty members at the University of Oklahoma sat around a table not long ago and tried to explain why they are staying where they are. All are young. All are brilliant men who have turned down lucrative jobs in business or industry. All have been offered higher-paying posts at other universities. Be the professions, the arts—college graduates are in demand. Thus society pays tribute to the college teacher. It relies upon him today as never before. ‘It’s the atmosphere, call it the teaching climate, that keeps me here,”’ said one. “Teachers want to know they are appreciated, that their ideas have a chance,” said another. “‘] suppose you might say we like being a part of our institution, not members of a manpower pool.” ‘““Oklahoma has made a real effort to provide an op- portunity for our opinions to count,” said the third. “‘Our advice may be asked on anything from hiring a new pro- fessor to suggesting salary increases.” The University of Oklahoma, like many other institu- tions but unlike many more, has a self-governing faculty. “The by-products of the university government,” says Oklahoma’s Professor Cortez A. M. Ewing, “‘may prove to be its most important feature. In spite of untoward conditions—heavy teaching loads, low salaries, and mar- ginal physical and laboratory resources, to mention a few—the spirit of co-operation is exceeded only by the dedication of the faculty.”’ The professor worth his title must be free. He must be free to explore and probe and investigate. He must be free to pursue the truth, wherever the chase may take him. This, if the bread-and-butter necessities of salary scales can be met, is and will always be the great attrac- tion of college and university teaching. We must take care that nothing be allowed to diminish it. ONE is the old caricature of the absent-minded, impractical academician. The image of the col- lege professor has changed, just as the image of the college boy and the college alumnus has changed. If fifty years ago a college graduate had to apologize for his education and even conceal it as he entered the business world, he does so no longer. Today society demands the educated man. Thus society gives its indirect respect to the man who taught him, and links a new reliance with that respect. It is more than need which warrants this esteem and reliance. The professor is aware of his world and travels to its coldest, remotest corners to learn more about it. Nor does he overlook the pressing matters at the very edge of his campus. He takes part in the Inter- national Geophysical Year’s study of the universe; he attacks the cancer in the human body and the human spirit; he nourishes the art of living more readily than the art of killing; he is the frontiersman everywhere. He builds and masters the most modern of tools from the cyclotron to the mechanical brain. He remembers the artist and the philosopher above the clamor of the machine. The professor still has the color that his students recall, RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE : and he still gets his applause in the spring at the end of an inspiring semester or at the end of a dedicated career. But today there is a difference. It is on him that the nation depends more than ever. On him the free world relies— just as the enslaved world does, too. R. SELMAN A. WAKSMAN of Rutgers was not interested in a specific, useful topic. Rather, a spadeful of dirt. A Russian emigrant, born in a thatched house in Priluka, ninety miles from the civilization of Kiev, he came to the United States at the age of seventeen and enrolled in Rutgers. Early in his undergraduate career he became interested in the fundamental aspects of living systems. And, as a student of the College of Agriculture, he looked to the soil. For his senior project he dug a number of trenches on the college farm and took soil samples in order to count the different colonies of bacteria. But when he examined the samples under his micro- scope, Waksman saw some strange colonies, different from either bacteria or fungi. One of his professors said they were only “‘higher bacteria.”” Another, however, identified them as little-known organisms usually called actinomyces. Waksman was graduated in 1915. As a research as- sistant in soil bacteriology, he began working toward a master’s degree. But he soon began to devote more and more time to soil fungi and the strange actinomyces. He was forever testing soils, isolating cultures, transferring cultures, examining cultures, weighing, analyzing. Studying for his Ph.D. at the University of California, he made one finding that interested him particularly. Several groups of microbes appeared to live in harmony, while others fed on their fellows or otherwise inhibited their growth. In 1918 Waksman returned to Rutgers as a microbiologist, to continue his research and teaching. RUTGERS UNIVERSITY OME research by faculty members strikes people as “‘point- less.’ It was one such pointless project that led Dr. Selman A. Waksman (left) to find streptomycin. Good basic research is a continuing need. . he was fascinated by the organisms that live in: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY In 1923 one of his pupils, Rene Dubos, isolated tyro- thricin and demonstrated that chemical substances from microbes found in the soil can kill disease-producing germs. In 1932 Waksman studied the fate of tuberculosis bacteria in the soil. In 1937 he published three papers on antagonistic relations among soil micro-organisms. He needed only a nudge to make him turn all his attention to what he was later to call “‘antibiotics.”’ The war provided that nudge. Waksman organized his laboratory staff for the campaign. He soon decided to focus on the organisms he had first met as an undergradu- ate almost thirty years before, the actinomyces. The first antibiotic substance to be isolated was called actinomy- cin, but it was so toxic that it could have no clinical application; other antibiotics turned out to be the same. It was not until the summer of 1943 that the breakthrough came. One day a soil sample from a heavily manured field was brought into the laboratory. The workers processed it as they had processed thousands of others before. But this culture showed remarkable antagonism to disease- producing bacteria. It was a strain—streptomyces griseus —that Waksman had puzzled over as a student. Clinical tests proved its effectiveness against some forms of pneu- monia, gonorrhea, dysentery, whooping cough, syphilis, and, most spectacularly, TB. Streptomycin went into production quickly. Along with the many other antibiotics that came from the soil, it was labeled a “‘miracle drug.’? Waksman received the Nobel Prize and the heartfelt praise of millions through- out the world. 7 In a sense, discoveries like Dr. Waksman’s are acci- dents; they are unplanned and unprogrammed. They emerge from scholarly activity which, judged by appear- ances or practical yardsticks, is aimless. But mankind has had enough experience with such accidents to have learned, by now, that “‘pure research’’—the pursuit of knowledge for the sake of knowledge alone—is its best assurance that accidents will continue to happen. When Chicago’s still-active Emeritus Professor Herman Schles- inger gol curious about the chemical linkage in a rare and explosive gas called diobrane, he took the first steps toward tne development of a new kind of jet and rocket fuel—accidentally. When scientists at Harvard worked on the fractionization of blood, they were accidentally making possible the development of a substitute for whole blood which was so desperately needed in World War II. But what about the University of Texas’s Humanities Research Center, set up to integrate experiments in lin- guistics, criticism, and other fields? Or the Missouri expedition to Cyprus which excavated an Early-Bronze- I FIND the most promising young people of America and then provide them with exceptional educational opportunities: that is the challenge. Above, medical school professors vote on a candidate. BAYLOR UNIVERSITY Age site at Episkopi three years ago and is planning to go back again this year? Or the research on folk ballads at the University of Arkansas? In an age of ICBM’s, what is the value of this work? If there is more to human destiny than easing our toils or enriching our pocketbooks, then such work is im- portant. Whatever adds to man’s knowledge will inevi- tably add to his stature, as well. To make sure that higher education can keep providing the opportunities for such research is one of 1958 man’s best guarantees that human. life will not sink to meaninglessness. LFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD once said, “In the conditions of modern life, the rule is abso- lute: the race which does not value trained intelligence is doomed.” In recent months, the American people have begun to re-learn the truth of Whitehead’s statement. For years the nation has taken trained intelligence for granted—or, worse, sometimes shown contempt for it, or denied the conditions under which trained intelligence might flour- ish. That millions are now recognizing the mistake—and recognizing it before it is too late—is fortunate. Knowing how to solve the problem, however, and knowing how to provide the means for solution, is more difficult. But again America is fortunate. There is, among us, a group who not only have been ahead of the general public in recognizing the problem but who also have the understanding and the power, now, to solve it. That group is the college alumni and alumnae. Years ago Dr. Hu Shih, the scholar who was then Chinese ambassador to the United States, said America’s greatest contribution to education was its revolutionary concept of the alumnus: its concept of the former student as an understanding, responsible partner and champion. Today, this partner and champion of American higher education has an opportunity for service unparalleled in our history. He recognizes, better than anyone, the es- sential truth in the statement to which millions, finally, now subscribe: that upon higher education depends, in large part, our society’s physical and intellectual sur- vival. He recognizes, better than anyone else, the truth in the statement that the race can attain even loftier goals ahead, by strengthening our system of higher education in all its parts. As an alumnus—first by understanding, and then by exercising his leadership—he holds within his own grasp the means of doing so. Rarely has one group in our society—indeed, every member of the group—had the opportunity and the ability for such high service. E of high quality for as many as are qualified for it has been a cherished American dream. Today we are too close to realizing that dream not to intensify our striving for it. TULANE UNIVERSITY EDITORIAL STAFF FELICIA ANTHENELLI The University of Chicago DAVID A. BURR The University of Oklahoma JEAN DINWOODEY The American Alumni Council DAN H. FENN, JR. Harvard University RANDOLPH L. FORT Emory University CORBIN GWALTNEY The Johns Hopkins University L. FRANKLIN HEALD The University of New Hampshire WILLIAM SCHRAMM The University of Pennsylvania VERNE A. STADTMAN The University of California FREDERIC A. STOTT Phillips Academy, Andover FRANK J. TATE The Ohio State University ERIK WENSBERG Columbia University CHARLES E. WIDMAYER> Dartmouth College CHESLEY WORTHINGTON Brown University ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Photographs: —RICH HARTMANN, MAGNUM Typesetting: | AMERICAN TYPESETTING CORPORATION, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Printing: CUNEO PRESS, KOKOMO, INDIANA Paper “ CICO-DUOSET BY CHAMPION-INTERNATIONAL COMPANY OF LAWRENCE, MASSACHUSETTS PRINTED IN U.S.A. Chapter News HOUSTON About fifty alumni and guests attended a breakfast March 13, at the Houston Club, in honor of Marvin Collie, ’40, who was recent- ly named president of the National Bank of Commerce in Houston. Ted H. Riggs, ’38, president, pre- sided, and spoke briefly on Mar- vin's honor. The new bank presi- dent responded, praising Washing- ton and Lee and its alumni. PHILADELPHIA Alumni of the Philadelphia area met on February 26 and elected the following officers: president, jJanies ‘T. Trundle, “50; vice-presi- dent, William L. Leopold, ’39; sec- retary, Robert F. Erwin, ’52; treas- urer, John William Dodd, ’53. - Some future projects were dis- cussed, one to establish a scholar- ship for a deserving boy from the area, the other to establish a place- ment service for graduates seek- ing employment in the area. The group also discussed the possibility of holding a joint meeting oc- casionally with alumni chapters of V.M.I. and University of Virginia. ROANOKE Roanoke alumni met March 11 at the Shenandoah Club for din- ner, and heard short talks by Dean Frank J. Gilliam, James D. Farrar, assistant dean of students; football coach Lee McLaughlin; and Wil- liam C. Washburn, new alumni secretary. About 65 attended. Pre- siding was R. T. Edwards, ’35. Officers elected were: president, H. Thomas Martin, ’41; vice-presi- dent, R. W. Spessard, ’39; secretary- treasurer, Robert W. Kime, ’51. Board members installed were: W. M. Minter, ’14; Louis N. Hock, 27; 20 faivin. 1. Burton, ‘25: Randolph Frantz, ’22; A. B. Levin, ‘42, Piece 4. Gromim, '42° and William C. Breckenridge, ’41. SPRING 1958 WASHINGTON The March luncheon meeting of the Washington alumni was held March 14 at the Burlington Hotel, with president John McWhorter, ‘47, presiding. Dean Clayton E. Willams of the Law School and William C. Washburn, ’40, who will succeed Cy Young as Alumni Secretary on July 1, represented the University. Dean Williams, in- troduced by Graham Morison, ’32, spoke on the University and _ its future development. Art Smith, ’41, reminded the group of plans for the dinner- dance on May 17 at the Army-Navy Country Club. Due to the inclusion of the lengthy supplement on higher education in this issue, our space for campus news and class notes has had to be eut down. 1f your class note, birth, or marriage is not included in this issue, please look for it in the sum- mer issue, due in August. 9 9 Hartow S. DIXxon, eighty years Gd DUE stil achive, was sent by the Durham, North Carolina, Gideon Society to Miami, Florida recently to help the Gideons there place thirty thousand Bibles in the hotels and motels of Miami and Miami Beach. His task was to interview and get permission of the managers and owners to place the Bibles in their guest rooms. Mr. Dixon was presented a special Bible by the Miami Gideons as an expres- sion of appreciation for all his work. Dr. S. C. Linp has been Consultant to Union Carbide Nuclear company in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, since 1948. He is honor- ary vice-president for Chemistry, Interna- tional Congress of Radiation Chemistry. 03 Dr. D. V. GUTHRIE retired from teaching at Louisiana State University in 1955, taught two years at Emory and Henry college, and has now retired for the second time. He resides in Waynesboro, Virginia. 09 THE Rev. DEVALL L. GWATHMEY is historiographer for the Diocese of Southwest Virginia of the Episcopal church. He is retired from the ministry now, but still helps occasionally with the parish church in Wytheville, Virginia. JoHN J. Forrer retired from the Vir- ginia Department of Highways in 1952, and became Executive Director of the Virginia Asphalt Association. He is the father of three children and grandfather of ten. 14 Dr. DANIEL C. BUCKHANAN plans to retire in June, and will live near Easton, Maryland. 15 AV. OW. CASH, JR. was one of a hundred science teachers in the United States to receive an award from _ the Science ‘Teacher Achievement Recognition competition. He was presented $250 in cash as part of his award, which encour- ages teachers in the nation to develop and report new ideas in the teaching of science. dice Das been. science. teacher at Eagle Rock High school, Virginia, for the past few years, after retiring from industry. / 7 JOHN R. BRAND has lived in Hobbs, New Mexico, since 1930, and has been district judge for the past five years. He reports there are eleven Washington and Lee law graduates practicing law or serv- 37 ing on the bench in New Mexico. John has three daughters and ten grandchild- ren, all of whom he and Mrs. Brand visited on a trip back East last May. Dr. CHarRLtes W. McNitT is now living in California. He sold his home in Cobbs Creek, Virginia. Dr. McNitt’s address is: care of Dr. D. R. Horton, 205 North Kingston, San Mateo, California. 18 Jupce Harry M. Apams of Mem- phis, ‘Tennessee, has announced he will re- tire at the end of August, after 24 years on the bench. A newspaper editorial in Memphis declared, ‘““Harry Adams is a liv- ing example of that classic approach to public office, which begins with a deter- mined young man teaching a country school while getting together the money for education in law. As an attorney in the state’s largest city, and an officer of its bar association, he won the admira- tion of others in the profession.” 19 Dr. SAMUEL A. ANDERSON, JR. iS director of the Consultation and Evalua- tion Clinic in Richmond, Virginia, a clinic primarily for retarded children. He is still practicing pediatrics and teach- ing at the Medical College of Virginia. He has one grandaughter now, born last August 28. 22 VERBON E. KEMP, executive secre- tary of the Virginia Chamber of Com- merce, conducted a party of 285 Virginians on a January Mediterranean cruise of about three weeks to the Canary Islands, Tangier, Italy, Cannes, Monaco, and Spain. It was the eighth such cruise sponsored by the State Chamber since 19z1, departing and docking at Norfolk. Verbon and Mrs. Kemp are planning an- other tour to the Belgian World’s Fair in September, and a Caribbean cruise next January. Verbon does a weekly radio program, “Kemp's Conversations” on Ssta- tion WRVA, each Saturday at 6:30 p.m. The Kemps have three children: Eric is a doctor, taking postgraduate work at the Medical College of Virginia; Ann is married to a doctor; Wilson is in the Army, with headquarters in Toyko, and plans to enter medical college upon his return. James (“BoorEy”) Maptson is still prac- ticing law with the firm of Madison, Madison, Files and Shell, with offices in Bastrop and Monroe, Louisiana. He is the 38 father of three boys. The eldest, James Pierce, received his academic and law degrees at Louisiana State University and is now associated with his father’s firm. The next son, John Yerger, received his bachelor’s degree from Louisiana ‘Tech in February, is married, and has one child. The youngest Madison son is George Flood, still in high schocl. EpGAR JACKSON is still editor of the Tide- water News, in Franklin, Virginia, and writes a weekly column titled, “The Goober Gazette.” He had a trip around the world and a tour of Western Europe in 1956. Edgar writes, “My classmates who remember me as rather on the skinny side may be interested in knowing that my doctor has ordered me to shed thirty pounds.” . 2 4 Dr. Stuart A. MACCORKLE is in Seoul, Korea, where he is organizing the work in Public Administration at Seoul National University of Korea for the University of Minnesota. He will be in the Far East till about Christmas. Dr. MacCorkle is on leave from the Univer- sity of Texas, where he is director of the Institute of Public Affairs, and pro- fessor of government. He is the author of five books and more than fifty articles on state and city government. He has been a member of the Austin, Texas, City Council, and was mayor pro-tem_ of Austin from 1951-53. He has been listed in ““Who’s Who in America” since 1942. 25 E. Morris ABERNATHY has moved from Virginia Beach, Virginia, to a new home about halfway between Virginia Beach and Norfolk, where his office is located. He has three children—the oldest daughter, Patsy, is married and _ teaches school in Lockhaven, Pennsylvania. ‘The youngest daughter, Maria, is a junior at Randolph-Macon Woman's College, and his son, Jan, attends Norfolk Academy. 26 Rurus A. FULTON has been elected to the board of directors of Hamilton Watch Company. He has been marketing vice-president at Hamilton for the past two years. Witit1am A. McDonoucu has been elected a vice-president of the Kudner Agency, Incorporated of New York City. He is an advertising account executive for Frigidaire’s sales campaign. 3 2 Ross L. MALONE has been elected president-nominee of the American Bar Association. A native of Roswell, New Mexico, he will be one of the youngest presidents of the association at the age of 47. He served as deputy attorney gen- eral in 1952 and 1953, and was instru- mental in establishing procedure under which the U.S. Department of Justice consults with the American Bar Associa- tion as to qualifications of appointees to the federal judiciary. Paut A. HorsTeIn, mayor of Lexington, has been elected president of the Rock- bridge County Bar Association. This is his second tour of duty as president in the past ten years. He has practiced law in Lexington since his graduation in 1932, is married, and has one daughter. 33 THomas P. Dousuty, JR. iS asso- ciate chief of the Foreign Investment Guaranty staff, an element of the United States Department’s International Coop- eration Administration. He and his fam- ily live at 1907 Rosemary Hills Drive, Silver Spring, Maryland. 35 Dr. Ropert H. McCAuLey, Jr. is with the Pan-American Sanitary Bureau in Puebla, Pue, Mexico. He and his wife have three children, Robert III, Sally, and Colin. They plan to return to the United States in September. Tuomas A. Morris sent a contribution to the Alumni Fund, saying, with tongue in cheek, “It gives me pleasure to send you some good Northwestern money—they give it to me as a lecturer in production management, which means conducting a class of 4o-some each semester in pur- chasing, in the evening division of the Business School (of Northwestern Univer- sity). Some of my W. and L. instructors like John Graham would likely be un- comfortable if they knew I was leading a class. The most unlikely things happen.” CLAIBOURNE H. DARDEN has incorporated a new company—Caterers, Incorporated, in Greensboro, North Carolina. The com- pany performs an automatic catering serv- ice, and serves industrial plants in that area. 36 Dr. KENNETH G. MACDONALD is sec- retary and treasurer of the Kanawha Medical Society, and secretary and treas- urer of the West Virginia chapter, Amer- ican College of Surgeons. He is the father of two sons, Kenneth, Jr., and Frank. W. MacruperR Drake has been promoted to Associate Professor this year at South- western Louisiana Institute. 37 NorMaNn C. SmitH is president of the Dallas Geological Society, and is still a consulting photogeologist. He has been active in organizing the Dallas- Fort Worth Council of Scientific Societies, concerned with surveying current educa- tional needs in communities, and in THE ALUMNI MAGAZINE furnishing counsel on scientific subjects to Civic agencies. DAvin B. WHARTON has returned to the United States for a tour of duty, after serving in American embassies in Afgan- istan, New Zealand, Indonesia, and most recently as consul general in Bermuda. Kent Forster and his family have re- turned from eighteen months spent in Finland, where he was a Fulbright lec- turer in History and International Af- fairs at the University of Helsinki, and Fulbright exchange lecturer at the Uni- versity of Copenhagen. CHARLES “T. CAROLAN has been elected treasurer of Suburban Propane Gas Cor- poration. He started with the company ten years ago, as senior accountant, was promoted to manager of the accounting department, and in 1953, he was elected assistant treasurer. He is the father of five children. 38 BEN L. ANDERSON has been pro- moted to colonel in the army. He is sta- tioned in Heidelberg, Germany, where he is commander of Headquarters Special Troops, U.S. Army Europe Headquarters. He has been in the army since 1941. ROBERT EDWARD SURLES is practicing law in Summerville, Georgia. He is a member of the board of directors of the Farmers and Merchants Bank there, and also a board member of a local insurance firm. FRED E. WarTEeERS is southern sales man- ager of Central Fuel Corporation, a wholesale coal concern, in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He and his wife are the par- ents of three children—Gayle, twelve; Rickey, nine; and Billy, three. PAuL M. MILLER is studying the Chinese language at the Foreign Service Institute Field Language School at ‘Taiebung, Taiwan, and will be there for about’ eighteen months. C. R. SKINNER is the assistant sales man- ager of Austenal, Incorporated, New York City. He was purchasing agent for Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Company for fif- teen years before joining Austenal, which sells investment castings for high-tem- perature applications to the jet engine missile and rocket industries. V. ‘T. STRICKLER was campaign chairman for the 1958 Cancer Crusade in Newport News, Hampton, and Warwick, Virginia. He is a member of the exclusive Million Dollar Club of Aetna Life Insurance Company, a member of Peninsula Life Underwriters Association, past president of Hampton Insurance and Real Estate Association, and president of the Peninsu- la chapter of Washington and Lee Alum- ni. He is a member of the First Baptist church in Newport News, and teaches a Sunday School Class there. SPRING 1958 JOuN ©. Prey, 90. will ‘take over as president of the University of Vermont on July 1. He has been seruing as clerk of the United States Supreme Court since 1956, and was dean of the law school at George Washington University. 40 ROLAND S. FREEMAN has been ap- pointed general manager of Bond-Howell Lumber company in Jacksonville, Florida. He has been with the building materials firm since his graduation from Washing- ton and Lee. James W. HAm™etr has been transferred by Southern Bell Telephone and Tele- MARVIN K. COLLIE, ’40, is now president of the National Bank of Commerce of Hous- ton, Texas, the city’s third largest bank. He is a tax attorney with the law firm of Vinson, Elkins, Weems, and Searles. graph company from Atlanta, Georgia, to New Orleans. 42 Roperrt C. WALKER headed the drive for one million dollars for the pro- posed community hospital in Williams- burg, Virginia. Bobby is executive vice- president of the Peninsula Bank and Trust Company in Williamsburg, and is chairman of the board of deacons of Wil- liamsburg Presbyterian church. 43 Dr. RIcHARD H. SHEPHERD, pro- fessor of medicine at Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, was one of six nationally-known medical speakers at the eighth, annual. meeting of the Oklahoma Academy . of General Practice on. February 3-4, in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He spoke on pulmen- ary function testing and the physiologi- cal management of patients with pul- monary disorders. He and his wife have three sons, Bill, Ricky, and Joe. MAJOR ALEXANDER M. Mats is assigned to the Pentagon, Washington, D.C., now. He and Mrs. Maish and their twin boys, two years old, live at 304 Princeton Boule- vard, Alexandria, Virginia. Dr. ROBERT FRANCIS JOHNSON was promot- ed last fall to associate professor of Bibli- cal languages and Biblical theology at the Episcopal Theological Seminary of the Southwest, in Austin, Texas. E. F. Ross, Jr., is the new mayor of Deep- haven, Minnesota. He is in the life in- surance business, and for fun, coaches the high school wrestling team, and peewee football. He and his wife, Dorothy, have three sons. f 4 EDWARD C. WADDINGTON, JR. is as- sistant district manager of the Delaware otice of the F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Company. The Waddingtons have two daughters, the youngest of which was born last June. 45 David W. FOERSTER has been chosen president-elect of the Jacksonville, Flori- da, Bar Association. Dink and Stelle were to move into their new home in May, along with the two little Foersters, David, Jr., aged five, and Margaret, one year old. S. ALLEN MCcALLISTER has been asso- ciated with the E. I. duPont Photo Pro- ducts departments, Parlin, New Jersey, since 1951, doing research on color pho- tographic films. He is a deacon in the Presbyterian church, and a member of the Board of Education of East Brunswick Township. He is the father of one son, Timothy Evans, almost two years old. 47 MITCHELL L. Harris is president of the Jay Distributing Company of Miami, ag Florida. It is a company which operates drug and houseware departments in 1200 supermarkets from Key West to the Caro- linas. 48 Epwin G. ADAIR, JR., received the 1957 distinguished service award of the Culpeper County Junior Chamber of Com- merce, in Culpeper, Virginia, in January. He is a partner in a Culpeper insurance firm. He is also an elder and superintend- ent of the Sunday School of the Presby- terian church there, a director of the Cul- peper County Retail Merchants’ Associa- tion and the Culpeper Chamber of Com- merce, treasurer of the Cancer Society, and a member of the executive council of the Girl Scouts. 49 WILLIAM Roy Ricz, besides being Municipal Judge of the city of Dunbar, West Virginia, is supervising prepara- tion of abstracts-of-title on approximately 2,000,000 acres of oil and gas leaseholds and fee property for the United States Fuel Gas Company of Charleston, West Virginia. Caprain O. D. HAmrRick, JR., stationed at Clark Air Force Base in Manila, Philip- pine Islands, will return to the United States in June. 50 Joe Reese, JR. is a Life and Quali- fying member of the Millon Dollar Round Table of the National Association of Life Underwriters. Membership in this group represents the highest produc- tion honor awarded to life underwriters. Last year, he became a member of Penn Mutual’s “Top Twenty-five,” having ranked fifteenth nationally in a_ field force of over 1300 agents. He is married and has two children, and lives in Meadowbrook, Pennsylvania. He is a di- rector of the Philadelphia Estate Plan- ning Council, past treasurer of the Ab- ington Lions Club, and is program chair- man for the Philadelphia chapter, Ameri- can Society of Chartered Life Under- writers. Dr. Roperr H. MAUCK is a resident in or- thopedic surgery at the Medical College of Virginia, in Richmond, and plans to go into private practice next year. Marion G. ROBERTSON was guest minister at the Baptist church in Lexington re- cently. A graduate of Yale Law School, he is now studying at Biblical ‘Theological Seminary in New York, and is assistant pastor of a church on Long Island. He has been doing work with exchange stu- dents under the auspices of the Inter- Varsity Fellowship. During the Billy Graham Crusade in Madison Square Garden, he served as a counselor. 51 Joun K. BOARDMAN, jr. is now vice-president and a member of the board of directors of the Sam Moore Chairs, Incorporated. The firm makes upholstered furniture with plants in Christiansburg, Virginia and Greeneville, ‘Tennessee. W. H. Kyte, Jr. is district sales manager in Cincinnati for Pickands Mather and company. Dr. MicHAEL RapbuHOovIC is completing his military service as Army Medical of- ficer at Fort Lewis, Washington. He is married to the former Beverly Boch of Washington, D.C., and they have a daughter, Dean, nine months old. RoBERT W. KNupbsEN has been transfer- red from Los Angeles to the Cleveland office by duPont. ‘The Knudsens have four children. 1958 in duPont Hall the following: NOTICE ‘TO ALUMNI The nominating committee, appointed by the President of the Washington and Lee University Alumni, Inc., nominates for election to the Alumni Board of ‘Trustees, at the meeting of the Corporation to be held at 2 p.m. on June 5, ERNARD LEVIN, ’42, Norfolk, Virginia PAuL M. SHUFORD, 43, Richmond, Virginia CLARK B. WINTER, ’37, New York, New York The committee also nominates for election as Alumni representatives on the University Athletic Committee the following: PRESTON BRowN, ’42, Lexington, Virginia Joun L. Crist, JR., ’45 Charlottee, N. C. EDWARD S. GRAVES, 30, Chairman CHARLES F. CLARK, JR., ’38 EpwaArb H. RIETZE, ’25 40 W. Gordon ILER completed law school at Indiana University last August, and is now practicing with the firm of Vincent and Gwin, in Owensboro, Kentucky. Rospert C. Evans has been an insurance adjuster with the Badger State Mutual Casualty Company since leaving law school. On January 6, 1958, he entered law practice with Colonel John H. Sme- berg, under the firm name of Smeberg and Evans, with offices at 8-A South Brown = street, Rhinelander, Wisconsin. He and his wife are the parents of twins, a boy and girl, now nearly three years old. 52 WILLIAM E. WooprooFr has been transferred from Richmond, Virginia, to the Chicago office of the Southern Plant- er, America’s oldest farm paper, with a circulation of over 420,000. Bill is man- ager of the Illinois office. His address is 850 DeWitt Place, Chicago 11, Illinois. Tuomas N. Harris is a control buyer for John Plain and Company of Chicago, a wholesale mail order distributor. Epwarp E. ELuis was recalled to active duty with the U.S. Air Force on March 1, 1957, and is now stationed in France. He had passed the New York bar ex- amination and was associated with the law firm of Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Sun- derland, and Kiend! in New York City be- fore his call. RICHARD Q. CALVELLI is now representing D. Van Nostrand Company, Incorporated, textbook publishers. He is assigned to the college department sales force, and is now calling on college professors in New York City, its metropolitan area, and six Midwestern states. 53 JAROSLAV A. DRABEK was awarded his LL.B. degree at George Washington University on February 22, and is work- ing with the law firm of Green and Ehrmantraut in Washington, D.C. He passed the District of Columbia Bar Ex- amination in December. GroRGE MAYNARD, III, is associated with Cabaniss and Johnston in Birmingham, Alabama. Ropert FREDERICK DuGuaAy is a trust ad- ministrator for the First National Bank and Trust Company of Fairfield County, in Greenwich, Connecticut. He attends the Graduate School of New York Uni- versity at night, working toward his M.B.A. in banking and _ finance. W. E. Rawtincs has completed eighteen months of sea duty aboard the destroyer, USS Berry, with extended cruises to South America and Europe. He is now stationed at Panama City, Florida, but expects to THE ALUMNI MAGAZINE be released in: the fall, so he can return to his business career. 54 JAck A. SITES 1954 Apert T. Hickin, Jr. was found dead in a wooded area near Charlottesville, Vir- ginia, on March 3, 1958. Authorities said he died from a self-inflicted pistol wound. He had been attending the University of Virginia. He is survived by his wife, Mrs. Patricia Prickett Hickin. 41 The Washington and Lee Chair (with Crest in five colors) This Chair made from Northern Birch and Rock Maple—Finished in Black with Gold trim (arms finished in Cherry). A perfect Gift for an Alumnus for Christmas, Birthday, Anniversary or Wedding. A beautiful addition to any room in your home. All profit from the sale of this chair goes to the scholarship fund in memory of John Graham, ’14. Mail your order to: WASHINGTON AND LEE ALUMNI, INC. Box 897, Lexington, Virginia Price: $27.00, f.0.b. Gardner, Mass.—Delivery within three weeks